n 2024, for the third year in a row, the purchase price of milk in the Czech Republic, as in other EU member states, was above its long-term average. This favourable situation compensated dairy cattle farmers for the increase in costs, which are rising every year due to inflation. Milk purchase prices and input prices are the main factors determining the economic success of milk production. Since 2007 Institute of Animal Science has been collecting and evaluating economic indicators of milk production. For 2024, 67 farms breeding Holstein cows were evaluated in this contribution. The highest costs of dairy farming were feed costs, labour costs, depreciation (assets and cows), and overheads. With shares of 42, 14, 12, and 13%, these items together account for 81% of total costs, which, after deducting by-products, amounted to 109,000 CZK per cow per year and 10.20 CZK per liter of milk sold. Compared to the results for 2023 (data from 71 farms), costs after deduction per cow per year increased by 3,410 CZK (+3.2%) and per liter of milk by 0.11 CZK (+1.1%). Milk was sold on average for 11.38 CZK per liter, and farms had an average positive profit without subsidies of 12,600 CZK per cow per year, or 1.18 CZK per liter of milk. Average profitability reached 11.5%, with 82% of the farms analysed reporting a positive result.