In 2024, the economic performance of dairy farmers was influenced by rising input prices and a year-on-year increase in the selling price of milk, which was the second highest after 2022. The above-average selling price was the reason why a set of 133 farms in the Czech Republic achieved a positive profitability of milk production without subsidies of 9.9%. With average costs of CZK 10.45 after deduction and a milk price of CZK 11.49 per litre, the average profit was CZK 1.04 per litre and CZK 9,900 per cow per year. The year-on-year increase in costs per cow per year (+2.3%) was offset by an increase in milk yield (+2.5%), which resulted in a 0.2% decrease in costs per litre of milk sold compared to the average of 143 farms in 2023. Between 2015 and 2024, the analysed farms saw an increase in costs per cow per year and per litre of milk after deduction of 45% and 23%, respectively. In 2024, the IOFC indicator reached its highest level in 10 years (CZK 179 per cow per day). As in previous years, the relationship between costs or profits and the breed, annual milk yield, farming area and farm size was confirmed.